Chicken Chromosome Linkage Map

The following linkage map table was originally created by an outstanding collaborative effort of members of The Coop and is restored here for reference purposes.

Refer to our chicken genetics articles for more information on chicken chromosomes, genes, and their outcomes.

Chromosome 1

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
O		Blue Egg-Shell	SLCO1B3	Wang et al. 2013. [34] , Wragg et al. 2013. [36]
	4
cha		Charcoal
	0.3
P		Pea comb	SOX5 (SRY-box 5)	Wright et al. 2009.[1] Sato et al. 2010.[2]
	32
Db		Dark Brown	SOX10 (SRY-box 10)	Gunnarsson et al. 2011.[3]
	12
Ml		Melanotic		Ml is 45 + map units from P
	10
Pg		Pattern
				no close linkage to above
c (c^re, c^a)		Recessive White	TYR (Tyrosinase)	Chang et al, 2006.[4] Sato et. al, 2007.[5]
	1p36.12	Dwarfism (Dutch Bantam)	PRDM16	Wu, Zhou et al. [49] Dutch Bantams

Chromosome 2

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
D^V, D^C		Duplex Comb	EOMES (Eomesodermin)	Dorshorst et al 2010.[6]Dorshorst et al 2015.[40]
	27
M		Multiple Spurs
	33
Po, Po^D		Polydactyly, Duplicate	Lmbr1 (limb region 1)	Chromosome 2 – Dorshorst et al 2010.[6]Might be SHH (Sonic HedgeHog) instead of Lmbr1. Dunn et al., 2011.[7]Zhang et al 2016. [42] Further evidence there are 2 different Po genes (Chinese breeds & Sultans different sequence to European breeds Houdan, Dorkings & Faverolles), He et al 2017.[47]
				no close linkage to above
Rp		Rumpless	Irx1 and Irx2 (Iroquois homeobox)	Rooksana et al, 2012.[8]

Chromosome 3

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Ea-P		Blood Group P		* new to 3, due to linkage with Na
	28
Na		Naked Neck	BMP12/GDF7 (bone morphogenetic protein 12)(growth differentiation factor 7)	Pitel et al. 2000.[9] Mou et al. 2011.[10]
	43
h		Hookless – Silkiness	PDSS2	Feng et al 2014. [39] Dorshorst et al 2010.[6]
	11
Fl		Flightless		possible Chromosome 3. Due to close linkage with h – hookless

Chromosome 4

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
mo, mo^w		Mottled, White	EDNRB2(Endothelin Receptor B2)	Kinoshita et al. 2014.[38]
				no known linkage to above
sc		Scaleless	FGF20(Fibroblast growth factor 20)	Wells et al. 2012.[33]
	4q3.1	Dwarfism	HMGA2	Zhou Wu et al. 2021 [49]

Chromosome 6

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
ig		Inhibitor of Gold (Cream)	COMTD1(catechol-O-methyltransferase domain containing 1)	Eriksson, 2012.[11]

Chromosome 7

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Cp		Creeper	IHH (Indian hedgehog)	Jin et al. 2016.[45]
	0.4
R		Rose comb	MNR2 (homeodomain protein)(& CCDC108 coiled-coil domain containing 108 )	Imsland et al. 2012.[12]
	30
U		Uropygial		linkage not given to lav.
	the below not linear
lav	32.5	Lavender	MLPH (melanophilin)	lav 32.5 map units to R.Vaez et al., 2008.[13]
	?			linkage not given between lav & Mp
Mp	16			Mp 16 map units to R
	the above not linear			end of linkage group 1
Ade-B		adenine synthesis B		Ade-B in linkage group VIII

Chromosome 8

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
FMO3		Fishy taint (eggs & meat)	FMO3 (flavincontainingmono-oxygenase 3)	Honkatukia et al. 2005.[14]Hamid et al. 2012.[15]

Chromosome 9

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
HRG		White eggs (brown pigment suppressor)	HRG1 (heme-responsive gene-1), Heme Transporter HRG, codes for Histidine-rich glycoprotein	Primary transporters for both protoporphyrinogen and heme. Chuanwei Zheng et al. 2014 [48]

Chromosome 10

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Hf		Henny feathering	CYP19A1 (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1)	ref: OMIA

Microchromosome 11

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
E		E, ER, ER- Fay, eWh, e+, eb, es, ebc, ey (E series)	MC1R(melanocortin-1 receptor)	Takeuchi et al. 1996.[16], Kerje et al. 2003.[17]Ling et al. 2003.[18]
				E & mo loci 26 cM linkage proposed by Brumbaugh & Hollander, 1965. [19]Further study indicated that this E-mo 26 cM relationship was not repeatable. Ref. Smyth & Ponce de Leon, 1992. [43]mo (EDNRB2) locus found on Chromosome 4 in 2014. Ref. Kinoshita et al. 2014.[38]

Microchromosome 12

Locus	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Bl	Blue	MITF	*possible candidate – not sequenced in chickens.Minvielle et al. 2010.[20]
			no known linkage to above
lo	Congenital loco		Okumura et al. 2013.[37]

Microchromosome 13

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Pti		Feathered legs		Chromosome 13 -Dorshorst et al. 2010.[6]

Microchromosome 15

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Et		Ear Tuft	TBX1, partial GNB1L(T-box 1)	Rooksana et al, 2012.[8]

Microchromosome 16 (17)

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description
B-G
Ea-B
	0.4
B-F		MHC
R-Rs 1
B-L
lr-GAT
NOR		Nucleolar organiser region
Ea-B

Microchromosome 20

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Fm		Fibromelanosis	EDN3 (Endothelin 3)	Chromosome 20 – Dorshorst et al. 2010.[6]might be EDN3 – not substantiatedDorshorst et al. 2011.[21], Shinomiya et al. 2011.[22]

Microchromosome 24

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
w		Yellow Skin	BCDO2 (beta-carotene dioxygenase 2)	Eriksson et al. 2008.[23]
	22
Ea-H		Blood Group H

Microchromosome 25

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
?		Beak Deformity	LOC426217 (claw keratin-like)	Bai et al. 2016.[41]

Microchromosome 27

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
Mb		Muff and Beard	HOXB8 (Homeobox B8)	Guo et al. 2016.[44]

Microchromosome 33 (Linkage Group E22C19W28)

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
fr		Fray
	46
Cr		Crest	HOXC8(Homeobox protein C8)	Wang et al. 2012.[24]
	12.5
I, I^D, I^S		Dominant White, Dun, Smoky	PMEL17(Melanocyte protein Pmel 17)	Kerje et al. 2004.[25]
	17
F		Frizzle	KRT75(α-Keratin)	Ng et al. 2012.[26]

Z Chromosome: sex-linked

Locus	Map Unit	Locus Description	Scientific Name	Comments/ Ref.
ro		Restricted Ovulator
	3
sh		Shaker
	14
n		Naked
	7
px		Paroxysm
	1.9
ln		Liver Necrosis
	3.1
dw^B, dw^M, dw		Dwarf	GHR (growth hormone receptor)	Hull et al. 1999.[27]
	3.4
wl		Wingless
	0.6
pn		Prenatal Lethal
	3
ev21		Endogenous viral 21	EV21 (ALVE21)(Endogenous viral 21)	Tixier-Boichard et al. 1997.[28],Bacon et al. 1988.[29]
Kⁿ, K^s, K		Slow Feathering / Late Feathering	PRLR and SPEF2(prolactin receptor)(sperm flagellar 2)	Elferink et al. 2008.[30]
	1.1
S, S^al-s, s^al		Silver, Imperfect Albinism	SLC45A2(solute carrier family 45 member 2)	Gunnarsson et al, 2007.[31]
	4
lk		Lady Killer
	12
Li		Light Down
	7
y		Recessive White Skin or WHAM (Wisconsin hypoalpha mutant)	ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1)	Attie et al. 2002. [35]
	13
br		Brown Eye
	27
Id, id^a, id^c,id^M		Dermal Melanin Inhibitor	VCAN (Versican) or B4GALT1 (beta1,4-Galactosyltransferase)	Might be VCAN or B4GALT1 – not substantiated.Dorshorst et al. 2010.[6]
	14
B^Sd, B		Sex-linked Dilution, Barring	CDKN2A/B(Cyclin-dependent kinas inhibitor 2A/B)	Hellström et al. 2010.[32] ,Schwochow Thalmann et al. 2017.[46]
	13
ko		Head Streak

Sources

The following linkage map table is based on the following books:

1. Crawford (ed.) (1990) Poultry Breeding and Genetics. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
2. Stevens, L. (1991) Genetics and Evolution of the Domestic Fowl. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [England].
3. Muir and Aggrey (ed.) (2003) Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. CABI Publishing.

Additional data was gathered from many scientific journal papers, all of which are cited in the reference section.

References

Ref. No.	Year	Reference	Paper URL
1	2009	Wright D, Boije H, Meadows JRS, Bed’hom B, Gourichon D, et al. (2009) Copy Number Variation in Intron 1 of SOX5 Causes the Pea-comb Phenotype in Chickens. PLoS Genet 5(6): e1000512. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000512.	[Full]
2	2010	Sato S, Otake T, Suzuki C, Uemoto Y, Saburi J, Hashimoto H, Kobayashi E. (2010) Sequence analysis of a pea comb locus on chicken chromosome 1. Animal Genetics. Volume 41, Issue 6, pages 659–661, December 2010.	[Abstract]
3	2011	Gunnarsson U, Kerje S, Bed’hom B, Sahlqvist AS, Ekwall O, Tixier-Boichard M, Kämpe O, Andersson L. (2011) The Dark brown plumage color in chickens is caused by an 8.3-kb deletion upstream of SOX10. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2011 Apr;24(2):268-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2011.00825.x. Epub 2011 Jan 25.	[Abstract]
4	2006	Chang C, Coville JL, Coquerelle G, Gourichon D, Oulmouden A, and Tixier-Boichard M. (2006) Complete association between a retroviral insertion in the tyrosinase gene and the recessive white mutation in chickens. BMC Genomics. 2006; 7: 19.	[Full]
5	2007	Sato S, Otake T, Suzuki C, Saburi J, Kobayashi E. (2007) Mapping of the recessive white locus and analysis of the tyrosinase gene in chickens. Poult Sci. 2007 Oct;86(10):2126-33.	[Full]
6	2010	Dorshorst B, Okimoto R, Ashwell C. (2010) Genomic Regions Associated with Dermal Hyperpigmentation, Polydactyly and Other Morphological Traits in the Silkie Chicken. J Hered. 2010 May-Jun;101(3):339-50	[Full]
7	2011	Dunn IC, Paton IR, Clelland AK, Sebastian S, Johnson EJ, McTeir L, Windsor D, Sherman A, Sang H, Burt DW, Tickle C, Davey MG. (2011) The chicken polydactyly (Po) locus causes allelic imbalance and ectopic expression of Shh during limb development. Dev Dyn. 2011 May;240(5):1163-72. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22623. Epub 2011 Apr 4.	[Full]
8	2012	Rooksana E. Noorai, Nowlan H. Freese, Lindsay M. Wright, Susan C. Chapman, and Leigh Anne Clark. (2012) Genome-Wide Association Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes for the Rumpless and Ear-tufted Traits of the Araucana Chicken. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7): e40974.	[Full]
9	2000	Pitel F, Berge R, Coquerelle G, Crooijmans RPMA, Groenen MAM, et al. (2000) Mapping the naked neck (NA) and polydactyly (PO) mutants of the chicken with microsatellite molecular markers. Genet Sel Evol 32: 73–86.	[Full]
10	2011	Mou C, Pitel F, Gourichon D, Vignoles F, Tzika A, et al. (2011) Cryptic Patterning of Avian Skin Confers a Developmental Facility for Loss of Neck Feathering. PLoS Biol 9(3): e1001028. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001028	[Full]
11	2012	Eriksson, J (2012) Genetic and Genomic Studies in Chicken: Assigning Function to Vertebrate Genes. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 732. 55pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-8246-6.	[Full]
12	2012	Imsland F, Feng C, Boije H, Bed’hom B, Fillon V, Dorshorst B, Rubin CJ, Liu R, Gao Y, Gu X, Wang Y, Gourichon D, Zody MC, Zecchin W, Vieaud A, Tixier-Boichard M, Hu X, Hallböök F, Li N, Andersson L.(2012) The Rose-comb Mutation in Chickens Constitutes a Structural Rearrangement Causing Both Altered Comb Morphology and Defective Sperm Motility. PLoS Genet. 2012 Jun;8(6):e1002775. Epub 2012 Jun 28.	[Full]
13	2008	Vaez M, Follett SA, Bed’hom B, Gourichon D, Tixier-Boichard M, Burke T. (2008) A single point-mutation within the melanophilin gene causes the lavender plumage colour dilution phenotype in the chicken. BMC Genet. 2008 Jan 15;9:7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-9-7.	[Full]
14	2005	Honkatukia M, Reese K, Preisinger R, Tuiskula-Haavisto M, Weigend S, Roito J, Mäki-Tanila A, Vilkki J. (2005) Fishy taint in chicken eggs is associated with a substitution within a conserved motif of the FMO3 gene. Genomics. 2005 Aug;86(2):225-32.	[Full]
15	2012	Hamid MA, Wang X, and Zhao X. (2012) Genotyping of flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 (FMO3) gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA-PCR) in chickens. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(7), pp. 1823-1828, 24 January, 2012	[Full]
16	1996	Takeuchi S, Suzuki H, Yabuuchi M and Takahashi S. (1996) A possible involvement of melanocortin 1-receptor in regulating feather color pigmentation in the chicken. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Gene Structure and Expression Volume 1308, Issue 2, 14 August 1996, Pages 164-168.	[Abstract]
17	2003	Kerje S, Lind J, Schütz K, Jensen P, Andersson L. (2003) Melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1R) mutations are associated with plumage colour in chicken. Anim Genet. 2003 Aug;34(4):241-8.	[Abstract]
18	2003	Ling MK, Lagerström MC, Fredriksson R, Okimoto R, Mundy NI, Takeuchi S, Schiöth HB. (2003) Association of feather colour with constitutively active melanocortin 1 receptors in chicken. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Apr;270(7):1441-9.	[Full]
19	1965	Brumbaugh, J. A., and W. F. Hollander (1965) A further study of the E pattern locus in the fowl. Iowa State J. of Science, 40; 51-64	No online paper.
20	2010	Minvielle F, Bed’hom B, Coville JL, Ito S, Inoue-Murayama M, Gourichon D. (2010) The “silver” Japanese quail and the MITF gene: causal mutation, associated traits and homology with the “blue” chicken plumage. BMC Genet. 2010 Feb 25;11:15. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-15.	[Full]
21	2011	Dorshorst B, Molin AM, Rubin CJ, Johansson AM, Strömstedt L, Pham MH, Chen CF, Hallböök F, Ashwell C, Andersson L. (2011) A complex genomic rearrangement involving the endothelin 3 locus causes dermal hyperpigmentation in the chicken. PLoS Genet. 2011 Dec;7(12):e1002412. Epub 2011 Dec 22.	[Full]
22	2011	Shinomiya A, Kayashima Y, Kinoshita K, Mizutani M, Namikawa T, Matsuda Y, Akiyama T. (2011) Gene Duplication of endothelin 3 is Closely Correlated with the Hyperpigmentation of the Internal Organs (Fibromelanosis) in Silky Chickens. Genetics. 2012 Feb;190(2):627-38. doi: 10.1534/genetics.111.136705. Epub 2011 Nov 30.	[Full]
23	2008	Eriksson J, Larson G, Gunnarsson U, Bed’hom B, Tixier-Boichard M, et al. (2008) Identification of the Yellow Skin Gene Reveals a Hybrid Origin of the Domestic Chicken. PLoS Genet 4(2): e1000010. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000010.	[Full]
24	2012	Wang Y, Gao Y, Imsland F, Gu X, Feng C, et al. (2012) The Crest Phenotype in Chicken Is Associated with Ectopic Expression of HOXC8 in Cranial Skin. PLoS ONE 7(4): e34012. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034012.	[Abstract]
25	2004	Kerje S, Sharma P, Gunnarsson U, Kim H, Bagchi S, Fredriksson R, Schütz K, Jensen P, von Heijne G, Okimoto R, Andersson L. (2004) The Dominant white, Dun and Smoky color variants in chicken are associated with insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the PMEL17 gene. Genetics. 2004 Nov;168(3):1507-18.	[Full]
26	2012	Ng CS, Wu P, Foley J, Foley A, McDonald ML, Juan WT, Huang CJ, Lai YT, Lo WS, Chen CF, Leal SM, Zhang H, Widelitz RB, Patel PI, Li WH, Chuong CM. (2012) The Chicken Frizzle Feather Is Due to an a-Keratin (KRT75) Mutation That Causes a Defective Rachis. PLoS Genet. 2012 Jul;8(7):e1002748. Epub 2012 Jul 19.	[Full]
27	1999	Hull, K.L, Marsh, J.A. and Harvey, S. (1999) A missense mutation in the GHR gene of Cornell sex-linked dwarf chickens does not abolish serum GH binding. Journal of Endocrinology (1999) 161, 495–50.	[Full]
28	1997	Tixier-Boichard M, Boulliou-Robic A, Morisson M, Coquerelle G, Horst P, Benkel B. (1997) A deleted retroviral insertion at the ev21-K complex locus in Indonesian chickens. Poult Sci. 1997 May;76(5):733-42	[Full]
29	1988	Bacon LD, Smith E, Crittenden LB, Havenstein GB. (1988) Association of the slow feathering (K) and an endogenous viral (ev21) gene on the Z chromosome of chickens. Poult Sci. 1988 Feb;67(2):191-7	[Abstract]
30	2008	Elferink MG, Vallée AA, Jungerius AP, Crooijmans RP, Groenen MA. (2008) Partial duplication of the PRLR and SPEF2 genes at the late feathering locus in chicken. BMC Genomics. 2008 Aug 20;9:391.	[Full]
31	2007	Gunnarsson U, Hellström AR, Tixier-Boichard M, Minvielle F, Bed’hom B, Ito S, Jensen P, Rattink A, Vereijken A, Andersson L. (2007). Mutations in SLC45A2 Cause Plumage Color Variation in Chicken and Japanese Quail. Genetics. 175, 867-77.	[Full]
32	2010	Hellström AR, Sundström E, Gunnarsson U, Bed’Hom B, Tixier-Boichard M, Honaker CF, Sahlqvist AS, Jensen P, Kämpe O, Siegel PB, Kerje S, Andersson L. (2010) Sex-linked barring in chickens is controlled by the CDKN2A /B tumour suppressor locus. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2010 Aug;23(4):521-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00700.x. Epub 2010 Mar 29.	[Full]
33	2012	Wells KL, Hadad Y, Ben-Avraham D, Hillel J, Cahaner A and Heado DJ. (2012) Genome-wide SNP scan of pooled DNA reveals nonsense mutation in FGF20 in the scaleless line of featherless chickens. BMC Genomics 2012, 13:257 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-257.	[Full]
34	2013	Wang Z, Qu L, Yao J, Yang X, Li G, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang X, Bai J, Xu G, Deng X, Yang N, Wu C. (2013) An EAV-HP Insertion in 5′ Flanking Region of SLCO1B3 Causes Blue Eggshell in the Chicken. PLoS Genet. 2013 January; 9(1): e1003183.	[Full]
35	2002	Attie, A. D., Hamon, Y., Brooks-Wilson, A.R., Gray-Keller, M.P., MacDonald, M.L.E., Rigot, V., Tebon, A., Zhang, L., Mulligan, J.D., Singaraja, R.R., Bitgood, J.J., Cook M.E., Kastelein, J.J.P., Chimini, G. and Hayden, M. R. (2002) Identification and functional analysis of a naturally occurring E89K mutation in the ABCA1 gene of the WHAM chicken. The Journal of Lipid Research, October 2002. 43, 1610-1617.	[Full]
36	2013	Wragg D, Mwacharo JM, Alcalde JA, Wang C, Han J-L, Gongora J, Gourichon D, Tixier-Boichard M, Hanotte O. (2013) Endogenous Retrovirus EAV-HP Linked to Blue Egg Phenotype in Mapuche Fowl. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71393. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071393	[Full]
37	2013	Okumura, Y., Ohtake, T., Uemoto, Y., Sato, S., Sato, S. and Kobayashi, E. (2013) Fine mapping of the chicken congenital loco locus on chromosome 12. Animal Genetics. doi: 10.1111/age.12065	[Abstract]
38	2014	Kinoshita K, Akiyama T, Mizutani M, Shinomiya A, Ishikawa A, et al. (2014) Endothelin Receptor B2 (EDNRB2) Is Responsible for the Tyrosinase-Independent Recessive White (mow) and Mottled (mo) Plumage Phenotypes in the Chicken. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86361. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086361	[Full]
39	2014	Feng, C., Gao, Y., Dorshorst, B., Song, C., Gu, X., Li, Q., Li, N. et al. (2014) A cis-Regulatory Mutation of PDSS2 Causes Silky-Feather in Chickens. PLoS Genetics, 10(8), e1004576. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004576	[Full]
40	2015	Dorshorst B, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Bagherpoor A.J, Rubin C, Ashwell C, Gourichon D, Tixier-Boichard M, Hallböök F, Andersson L. (2015) A Genomic Duplication is Associated with Ectopic Eomesodermin Expression in the Embryonic Chicken Comb and Two Duplex-comb Phenotypes. PLoS Genet. 2015 March; 11(3): e1004947.	[Full]
41	2016	Bai, H., Sun, Y., Zhu, J., Liu, N., Li, D., Xue, F., … Chen, J. (2016) Study on LOC426217 as a candidate gene for beak deformity in chicken. BMC Genetics, 17, 44. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0353-x	[Full]
42	2016	Zhang, Z., Nie, C., Jia, Y., Jiang, R., Xia, H., Lv, X., … Qu, L. (2016) Parallel Evolution of Polydactyly Traits in Chinese and European Chickens. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0149010. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149010	[Full]
43	1992	Smyth, R., Ponce de Leon, F.A. (1992) Research Note: Linkage Relationship Between the Pea Comb (P) and Extended Black (E) Loci of the Chicken. Poultry Science (1992) 71 (1): 208-210.	[Full]
44	2016	Guo Y, Gu X, Sheng Z, et al. (2016) A Complex Structural Variation on Chromosome 27 Leads to the Ectopic Expression of HOXB8 and the Muffs and Beard Phenotype in Chickens. Leeb T, ed. PLoS Genetics. 2016;12(6):e1006071. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006071.	[Full]
45	2016	Jin, S., Zhu, F., Wang, Y., Yi, G., Li, J., Lian, L., … Yang, N. (2016). Deletion of Indian hedgehog gene causes dominant semi-lethal Creeper trait in chicken. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6, 30172. http://doi.org/10.1038/srep30172	[Full]
46	2017	Schwochow Thalmann, D., Ring, H., Sundström, E., Cao, X., Larsson, M., Kerje, S., … Andersson, L. (2017). The evolution of Sex-linked barring alleles in chickens involves both regulatory and coding changes in CDKN2A. PLoS Genetics, 13(4), e1006665. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006665	[Full]
47	2017	He, C., Chen, Y., Yang, K., Zhai, Z., Zhao, W., Liu, S., … Meng, H. (2017). Genetic pattern and gene localization of polydactyly in Beijing fatty chicken. PLoS ONE, 12(5), e0176113. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176113
48	2014	Zheng C, Li Z, Yang N, Ning Z. Quantitative expression of candidate genes affecting eggshell color. Anim Sci J. 2014 May;85(5):506-10. doi: 10.1111/asj.12182. Epub 2014 Mar 10. PMID: 24612318.	[abstract]
49	2021	Wu Z, Bortoluzzi C, Derks MFL, Liu L, Bosse M, Hiemstra SJ, Groenen MAM, Crooijmans RPMA. Heterogeneity of a dwarf phenotype in Dutch traditional chicken breeds revealed by genomic analyses. Evol Appl. 2021 Jan 19;14(4):1095-1108. doi: 10.1111/eva.13183. PMID: 33897823; PMCID: PMC8061282.	[abstract]